Burnie
| Burnie pataway (Northern Tasmanian) Tasmania | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 Burnie CBD and port | |||||||||
  Burnie | |||||||||
| Coordinates | 41°03′49″S 145°52′31″E / 41.06361°S 145.87528°E | ||||||||
| Population | 19,918 (2021)[1] | ||||||||
| Postcode(s) | 7320 | ||||||||
| Elevation | 19 m (62 ft) | ||||||||
| Time zone | AEST (UTC+10) | ||||||||
| • Summer (DST) | AEDT (UTC+11) | ||||||||
| Location |
| ||||||||
| LGA(s) | City of Burnie | ||||||||
| State electorate(s) | Braddon | ||||||||
| Federal division(s) | Braddon | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Burnie (/ˈbɜːrni/ BER-nee;[3] pirinilaplu/palawa kani: pataway)[4][5] is a port city located on the north-west coast of Tasmania, Australia, approximately 47 kilometres (29 mi) west of Devonport and 150 kilometres (93 mi) north-west of Launceston. Founded in 1827 as Emu Bay, the township was renamed in the early 1840s after William Burnie, a director of the Van Diemen's Land Company.[6] It was proclaimed a city by Queen Elizabeth II on 26 April 1988,[7] leading the municipality to rebrand as the City of Burnie.[8]
With a population of 19,918 at the 2021 census, its central industries include heavy manufacturing, mining, forestry, and farming. The city’s economy is closely linked to the deep-water Port of Burnie, an intermodal freight transport facility which handles over 5,000,000 tonnes (4,900,000 long tons; 5,500,000 short tons) of freight annually, including nearly half of Tasmania's containerised freight. Burnie is a major exporter of Tasmanian minerals, including copper, silver, gold, tin, lead, zinc, iron, tungsten and ultra-high purity silica, and forestry commodities such as logs, pulpwood and wood chips. The Burnie Chip Export Terminal (BCET), also known as the 'Pyramids of Burnie,' surpassed 1,500,000 tonnes (1,500,000 long tons; 1,700,000 short tons) of annual wood chip exports in 2017.[9][10]
Looking to the future, Burnie is set to become a key player in Tasmania’s renewable energy sector.[11] The city is included in the proposed North West Renewable Energy Zone (REZ), a designated area aimed at enhancing coordination and investment in large-scale wind and solar projects.[12] Current proposals within the REZ include the Guildford and Hellyer Wind Farms, as well as Australia’s first synthetic electrofuel facility.[13][14]
The Marinus Link project will further boost Burnie's economy. This $3.5b (2021) submarine power cable will connect the neighbouring locality of Heybridge to Waratah Bay, Victoria via 255 kilometres (158 mi) of undersea cable.[15] Supporting infrastructure, including the North West Transmission Developments, will reinforce Burnie’s position as a renewable energy hub. The project is expected to generate 2,800 jobs and contribute $3b in direct economic investment while supplying enough electricity to power 1.5 million homes and significantly reducing carbon emissions.[11]
Burnie continues to evolve, with ongoing redevelopment efforts to revitalise the waterfront and diversify its economy, which now includes significant contributions from education, healthcare, and logistics sectors. The city is well-connected by regional transport networks, including the Bass Highway and Ridgley Highway, reinforcing its role as a central economic node in Tasmania, Australia.
History
[edit]Early History (1827 - 1875)
[edit]Oakleigh Park, close to Burnie’s business centre, is the birthplace of Burnie and the cradle of the northwest coast. In 1827, chief surveyor of the Van Diemen's Land Company (VDL Company), Henry Hellyer, camped beside Whalebone Creek there. With approval from the Company’s chief agent, Edward Curr, Hellyer selected Emu Bay as the port to service the Company’s inland holdings at Hampshire and Surrey Hills, located around 50 kilometres (31 mi) inland. A year later, government surveyor John Helder Wedge recommended Emu Bay be reserved as an official township due to its strategic value for shipping, but the VDL Company was already occupying the area. At that time, the Emu Bay settlement consisted of a store, a small jetty, a sawpit, and a few huts. Hellyer also cut the Old Surrey Road through dense rainforest, establishing the first road on the North West Coast, starting from the South Burnie beach.[16]
However, Burnie’s settlement wasn’t peaceful. Between 1828 and 1832, Tarenorerer, a Tommeginne woman who had escaped from sealers, became the leader of the Emu Bay people (Plairhekehillerplue).[5][17] She led a resistance against settlers during the Black War, attacking VDL Company employees until she was eventually captured.[5][17] Alexander Goldie, the first superintendent of the Company's land assets around Emu Bay, led armed attacks against the Plairhekehillerplue clan. In 1828, Goldie and his men massacred several people inland from the settlement and in August 1829 they murdered a native woman at Emu Bay by shooting her and cutting her neck with an axe. Goldie then kidnapped the woman's five-year-old daughter and another woman. After an investigation, Goldie resigned from his position.[5][18][19][20][21] Meanwhile, the VDL Company faced difficulties. By 1833, sheep farming at Surrey Hills had failed due to cold conditions, resulting in the near abandonment of the area.[22]
Throughout the 1840s, the VDL Company began leasing bush blocks to tenant farmers, although Burnie’s growth remained slow. In 1843, the town was surveyed by Nathaniel Kentish and renamed after William Burnie, a VDL Company director.[16] By 1853, Burnie had a population of approximately 200, with basic services such as a doctor and clergyman located in Port Sorell, and a lawyer and banker in Launceston. Transport and communication systems were rudimentary at this time, with no metal roads or established wharves. Nevertheless, the first official birth registrations in Burnie began that year.[23]
Burnie’s first school was opened in 1862 by Mrs. Mary Morris in West Burnie, followed by the construction of the first government school on a rocky hill off Wilmot Street. In 1875, the VDL Company established its headquarters in Oakleigh (now Oakleigh Park), which remained in Burnie until the early 1950s. Burnie became the base for developing the region’s road and rail infrastructure.[16]
The Mineral Boom & Industrial Development (1876 - 1939)
[edit]In the late 1870s, modern communication systems arrived, with the telegraph and telephone reaching Burnie. A horse-drawn tramway on wooden rails was established to connect Burnie to Waratah. The VDL Company later upgraded this tramway to iron and steam, facilitating the transport of tin from the Mount Bischoff mine, which commenced Burnie’s role as the west coast’s export gateway for minerals. By the 1880s, Burnie's fortunes had dramatically improved as west coast mineral deposits were discovered. The Emu Bay Railway Company extended the railway to Zeehan by 1900,[24] propelling the town's population to over 1,500.[25]
During this time, Burnie’s business district rapidly grew, thanks to improved port facilities and the expansion of the town's infrastructure. By 1900, T. Wiseman's motor coach service was operating between Burnie and Stanley, reflecting Burnie's growing importance as a regional transport hub.[26]
A major turning point occurred in 1936 with the construction of the Associated Pulp and Paper Mill (APPM) in South Burnie. By 1939, the mill produced 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons; 17,000 short tons) of fine paper annually, the first time in the world that paper was made entirely from eucalypt pulp. This industrial expansion caused a surge in employment and population growth, setting Burnie on the path to becoming an industrial powerhouse.[27][28][29]
Post-War Boom & Industrial Expansion (1940 - 1980s)
[edit]The post-war era saw Burnie become synonymous with industry. Throughout the 1950s and 1960s, APPM expanded its workforce to around 3,500 employees,[30] while other secondary industries, including pigment producer Tioxide and North West Acid, were established.[31] This industrial boom led to Burnie’s official recognition as a city in 1988.[7] At its peak in the mid 1980s, Burnie had a population exceeding 20,500, thriving as a bustling industrial centre.[32]
However, the town's success came with environmental consequences.[33] During the 1970s, the production of titanium dioxide by Tioxide led to heavy pollution, turning the sea rust-red from effluent.[34] Burnie also developed a reputation as one of Tasmania’s most polluted towns,[35][36][37] a situation highlighted by the Australian band Midnight Oil in their song “Burnie,” which criticised the town’s environmental issues.[38]
Challenges and Reinvention (1980s - Present)
[edit]The rationalisation of Australian industry during the 1980s and 1990s dealt a severe blow to Burnie. APPM downgraded its operations and eventually closed the pulp mill in 2010, leading to significant job losses.[39][40][41][42] Other closures followed, including the Caterpillar mining machinery factory, triggering a period of economic uncertainty for the town.[43][44]
Despite these setbacks and population decline,[45] Burnie began to reinvent itself in the 1990s. The Lion cheese-making factory remained a major employer, and efforts were made to diversify the city’s economy.[46] By the 2000s, Burnie shifted toward tourism and the arts. It became known for its clean beaches, inclusion on the annual cruise ship itinerary, and its growing community of artists and makers. In 2016, Elphinstone Group, previously a designer and manufacturer for Caterpillar equipment in Australia, relaunched its original brand and developed the Haulmax 3900 series off-highway haul truck. The company continues to be a major local employer, with a workforce of 2,500 people.[47][48] Today, Burnie positions itself as the gateway to Tasmania’s northwest, including the Tarkine forest, and as a hub for new industries and outdoor recreation.
Economy
[edit]The key industries are heavy manufacturing, forestry and farming. The Burnie port along with the forestry industry provides the main source of revenue for the city.[49][50] Burnie was the main port for the west coast mines after the opening of the Emu Bay Railway in 1897. Most industry in Burnie was based around the railway and the port that served it.
After the handover of the Surrey Hills and Hampshire Hills lots, the agriculture industry was largely replaced by forestry. The influence of forestry had a major role on Burnie's development in the 1900s with the founding of the pulp and paper mill by Associated Pulp and Paper Mills in 1938[51] and the woodchip terminal in the later part of the century. The Burnie Paper Mill closed in 2010 after failing to secure a buyer.[52]
Demographics
[edit]| Year | Pop. | ±% |
|---|---|---|
| 1853 | 200[23] | — |
| 1933 | 6,659[53] | +3229.5% |
| 1942 | 9,150[54] | +37.4% |
| 1947 | 10,080[53] | +10.2% |
| 1972 | 19,954[55] | +98.0% |
| 1973 | 20,300[56] | +1.7% |
| 1986 | 20,585[32] | +1.4% |
| 1991 | 20,482[32] | −0.5% |
| 2001 | 18,108[57] | −11.6% |
| 2006 | 19,057[58] | +5.2% |
| 2011 | 19,329[59] | +1.4% |
| 2016 | 18,895[60] | −2.2% |
| 2021 | 19,918[61] | +5.4% |
| 2023 | 20,463[62] | +2.7% |
| Source: Australian Bureau of Statistics census data. | ||
Burnie, Tasmania, had a population of 19,918 according to the 2021 census, making it one of the key urban centres in North West Tasmania. Historically, Burnie has experienced periods of rapid growth, particularly in the late 19th and mid-20th centuries, followed by fluctuations in more recent decades, with some signs of stabilisation and recovery in the 21st century. While 2023 State Government growth estimates are positive, Burnie is yet to recover to population levels experienced in the mid 1980s. At the 2021 census, Burnie's population is slightly older compared to national averages, with a significant portion (around 19%) aged 65 and over. This reflects a trend of ageing populations common in regional areas.
Economically, Burnie is a working-class hub with a median household income of $1,148 per week, lower than the national median of $1,746. The city's unemployment rate was around 8.1%, higher than the national rate of 5.1%.[61] These figures suggest some economic challenges in the area, although Burnie's role as a regional port and industrial centre still gives it economic significance within Tasmania.
Burnie also has a notable Indigenous population, with around 8.5% of residents identifying as First Nations people or Torres Strait Islander, higher than the national figure of 3.2%. This reflects Tasmania's broader demographics where Indigenous representation is above the national average.[61] The majority of residents (84.4%) were born in Australia, with smaller populations from England (2.4%), New Zealand (0.9%), India (0.8%), Nepal and the Philippines (0.4%), and mainland China (0.3%). English is the dominant language, spoken by 90.2% of residents at home, while 5.9% of households speak a non-English language.[61]
In terms of religion, 53.4% of Burnie's population reported no religious affiliation, while 38.8% identified with a Christian denomination, including 11.4% as Catholic and 11.2% as Anglican. Other religious groups include Hinduism (0.9%), Buddhism (0.7%), Islam (0.6%), and Sikhism (0.2%).[61]
Facilities and education
[edit]Tasmania's third largest hospital, The North West Regional Hospital is on Brickport Road. It provides both in and outpatient services for general medicine, general surgery, orthopaedics, psychiatry, and paediatrics.
The former Burnie Theatre closed in 1965 and was replaced with the multi-function "Burnie Arts and Function Centre" (formerly known as the Civic Centre). Other facilities include post office, police station, Supreme Court, public and private hospital, as well as numerous sporting and social organisations.
Burnie is also home to the Cradle Coast campus of the University of Tasmania, and campuses of the Tasmanian Polytechnic and the Tasmanian Academy. The University of Tasmania campus includes the Cuthbertson Research Laboratories run by the Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research.
Transport
[edit]Burnie Airport is located in the adjacent town of Wynyard, a 20-minute drive from the City of Burnie.
Burnie Port is Tasmania's largest general cargo port[63] and was once Australia's fifth largest container port. It is the nearest Tasmanian port to Melbourne and the Australian mainland. As with other ports in Tasmania, it is operated by the government owned TasPorts.[64]
The port currently operates as a container port with a separate terminal for the exportation of woodchips. The port was planned to be expanded in 2013 so that it could accommodate extra freight from the proposed north-west mines in the Tarkine.[65]
Burnie was the terminus of the former Emu Bay Railway company operations. The railway line is now known as the Melba Line.
Burnie is connected with Devonport via the four lane Bass Highway and a rail link which is used for freight purposes. Burnie is also connected to the west coast of Tasmania by the Murchison Highway.
Bus service Metro Tasmania provides transport around the city and its suburbs.,[66] Redline coaches used to service the North-West through to Hobart, but ceased this service in January 2021.
Coastal pathway
[edit]The development of a coastal pathway will connect Burnie and Wynyard to Latrobe as part of a State Government and Local Government Council initiative to upgrade infrastructure on the north-west coast of Tasmania.[67]
Suburbs
[edit]The city of Burnie consists of a number of small suburbs including Parklands, Park Grove, Shorewell Park, Acton, Montello, Hillcrest, Terrylands, Upper Burnie, Romaine, Havenview, Emu Heights, South Burnie and Wivenhoe.
Climate
[edit]Burnie has a oceanic climate (Köppen: Cfb), with very mild, relatively dry summers and cool, rainy winters. Seasonal variation is low due to moderation from the Bass Strait. Average maxima vary from 21.3 °C (70.3 °F) in February to 12.8 °C (55.0 °F) in July while average minima fluctuate between 13.3 °C (55.9 °F) in February to 6.0 °C (42.8 °F) in July.[68] Mean average annual precipitation is moderate: 947.4 mm (37.30 in), spread between 158.0 precipitation days, and is concentrated in winter. Expectedly, the town is not very sunny: with 141.1 cloudy days and only 51.7 clear days per annum. Extreme temperatures have ranged from −2.0 °C (28.4 °F) on 14 July 1967 to 33.8 °C (92.8 °F) on 31 January 2009. Sunshine data was sourced from Elliott, a rural locality 14.3 kilometres (8.9 mi) west-northwest of Burnie.
| Climate data for Burnie (41º04'12"S, 145º56'24"E, 8 m AMSL) (1944-2018 normals and extremes, sun 1965-1993) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 33.8 (92.8) |
31.0 (87.8) |
28.9 (84.0) |
26.2 (79.2) |
24.0 (75.2) |
18.9 (66.0) |
18.3 (64.9) |
18.9 (66.0) |
22.4 (72.3) |
27.6 (81.7) |
31.5 (88.7) |
31.2 (88.2) |
33.8 (92.8) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 21.1 (70.0) |
21.3 (70.3) |
20.1 (68.2) |
17.8 (64.0) |
15.3 (59.5) |
13.5 (56.3) |
12.8 (55.0) |
13.2 (55.8) |
14.4 (57.9) |
16.0 (60.8) |
17.9 (64.2) |
19.5 (67.1) |
16.9 (62.4) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 12.7 (54.9) |
13.3 (55.9) |
12.1 (53.8) |
10.1 (50.2) |
8.4 (47.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
6.0 (42.8) |
6.1 (43.0) |
6.8 (44.2) |
8.1 (46.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
11.2 (52.2) |
9.3 (48.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 2.8 (37.0) |
3.9 (39.0) |
3.5 (38.3) |
0.5 (32.9) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−1.1 (30.0) |
−1.7 (28.9) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−0.8 (30.6) |
1.0 (33.8) |
2.9 (37.2) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 44.9 (1.77) |
43.2 (1.70) |
51.6 (2.03) |
73.0 (2.87) |
94.5 (3.72) |
101.4 (3.99) |
123.8 (4.87) |
110.2 (4.34) |
88.7 (3.49) |
84.4 (3.32) |
68.5 (2.70) |
63.2 (2.49) |
947.4 (37.30) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 0.2 mm) | 9.3 | 8.1 | 9.8 | 11.5 | 14.7 | 14.8 | 17.8 | 17.9 | 15.8 | 14.7 | 12.6 | 11.0 | 158 |
| Average afternoon relative humidity (%) | 62 | 64 | 63 | 66 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 71 | 69 | 65 | 64 | 62 | 67 |
| Average dew point °C (°F) | 11.6 (52.9) |
12.6 (54.7) |
11.4 (52.5) |
10.0 (50.0) |
8.9 (48.0) |
7.3 (45.1) |
6.8 (44.2) |
6.8 (44.2) |
7.2 (45.0) |
7.7 (45.9) |
9.3 (48.7) |
10.3 (50.5) |
9.2 (48.5) |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 254.2 | 217.5 | 192.2 | 159.0 | 127.1 | 120.0 | 127.1 | 139.5 | 159.0 | 210.8 | 219.0 | 232.5 | 2,157.9 |
| Percent possible sunshine | 56 | 56 | 50 | 48 | 42 | 43 | 43 | 43 | 45 | 51 | 51 | 50 | 48 |
| Source: Bureau of Meteorology (1944-2018 normals and extremes, sun 1965-1993)[2][69] | |||||||||||||
Sport
[edit]Australian rules football is popular in Burnie. The city's team is the Burnie Dockers Football Club in the Tasmanian State League. Their ground is West Park Oval.
Rugby union is also played in Burnie. The local club is the Burnie Rugby Union Club. They are the current Tasmanian Rugby Union Statewide Division Two Premiers and were promoted to the Statewide First Division for the 2008 season.
Soccer is also represented in Burnie, with Burnie United FC having four teams compete in the northern premier league; the women's team, under 18 team, reserve team and division one team. They also have youth sides in the under 14 and under 16 competitions. Their ground is located in Montello, Tasmania.
Burnie hosts an ATP Challenger Tour tennis event, the Burnie International, during the week following the Australian Open.
Athletics events include the annual Burnie Gift and Burnie Ten.
Archery is also represented in Burnie, with Burnie Bowmen Archery Club. They were founded in 1958 and have influenced the development of archery along the northwest coast of Tasmania. Its first target championship was held in 1959. In 1972 Burnie Bowmen Archery Club was given the honour of holding the first national championships to be held outside of a capital city. In 2017 Burnie Bowmen Archery club hosted Archery for the XVI Australian Masters Games. In 2020 and 2021 they were to host the National Youth Archery Championships and National Archery Championships, but due to COVID-19 these events were cancelled. Presently, Target and Clout shoots are conducted at Parklands High School Oval in Romaine, Burnie. Indoor is conducted at the Upper Burnie Memorial Hall. Field is conducted at the Blythe Scout Camp at Heybridge.
Media
[edit]The Advocate newspaper was established in 1890 servicing the North West region. The mailroom is located in Burnie whilst the local press operations ceased in mid-2008 and were relocated to Launceston.
Burnie has access to the ABC, SBS, WIN and Southern Cross television stations as well as all new free to air television stations.
There are two commercial radio stations, 7BU at 100.9 MHz on the FM band and Sea FM on 101.7 on the FM band. Many Melbourne radio stations can be received in Burnie.[citation needed]
Notable people
[edit]- Country music singer Jean Stafford OAM was a resident of Burnie in the 1960s and early 1970s when she was a young wife and mother at the beginning of her career. Her family still reside in the area.
- Zima Anderson – actress in Neighbours who played Roxy Willis[70]
- Cameron Baird – Australian soldier, posthumously awarded the VC for actions in Afghanistan
- Jamie Cox – cricketer
- Josh Earl – Comedian and former host of Spicks and Specks
- Dale Elphinstone – Founder of Elphinstone Group and Tasmania's wealthiest person as of 2019[71]
- Brendon Gale – AFL player Richmond Football Club
- David Guest – Australian field hockey player. 2008 Olympic bronze medalist
- Justin Heazlewood – Australian songwriter, author, actor and humourist also known as The Bedroom Philosopher
- Eddie Jones – Current head coach of the Australian Wallabies National Rugby Team and former coach of the English and Japanese rugby union football teams.
- Matthew Knight – basketball player
- Jacqui Lambie – Senator for Tasmania – Jacqui Lambie Network
- Marcus Marshall – Australian racing driver
- Brody Mihocek – AFL player-Collingwood Football Club
- Vicki O'Halloran – Administrator of the Northern Territory
- Eli Templeton – AFL player-St Kilda Football Club
- Lachie Weller – AFL player-Fremantle Football Club and Gold Coast Suns
- Maverick Weller – AFL player-Gold Coast Suns and St Kilda Football Club
References
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- ^ a b c d "Burnie (Round Hill) Climate Statistics (1944-2018)". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- ^ Cox, Felicity; Fletcher, Janet (2017). Australian English Pronunciation and Transcription. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781316639269.
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- ^ a b c d Plomley, NJB; Robinson, George Augustus (2008). Friendly Mission, the Tasmanian journals and papers of George Augustus Robinson. Hobart: Quintus. ISBN 9780977557226.
- ^ Burnie Chamber of Commerce 1949, p. 4.
- ^ a b Woods, Rodney; Watson, Chad (19 September 2022). "Memories of Her Majesty, Queen Elizabeth II, in Burnie and Devonport in 1988". The Advocate (Tasmania). Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ Puustinen 2011, p. 9.
- ^ Bennett, Lachlan (4 September 2020). "TasPorts on why Burnie's infamous woodchip pile might be good for the cruise ship industry". The Advocate (Tasmania). Retrieved 17 September 2024.
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{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Burnie". University of Tasmania. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "First Motor Bus in Tasmania". The Examiner (Tasmania). Vol. LXIII, , no. 309. Tasmania, Australia. 29 December 1903. p. 7 (Daily.). Retrieved 20 September 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "New Australian Industry". The Maitland Daily Mercury. No. 21, 146. New South Wales, Australia. 23 January 1939. p. 4. Retrieved 20 September 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
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- ^ Heazlewood, Justin (1 March 2024). "'When I hear about the hole in the sky / Saltwater wells in my eyes'". The Monthly. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ Barton, Ruth (November 2015). ""Good Riddance to the Stinkin' Place": Deindustrialisation and Memory at Associated Pulp and Paper Mills in Burnie, Tasmania". Liverpool University Press (109). Labor History: 149-167.
- ^ "Retrenchments at Burnie pulp, paper mill". The Canberra Times. Vol. 57, , no. 17, 178. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 9 October 1982. p. 23. Retrieved 20 September 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Paper and mining lay-offs expose Tas economic ills". Tribune. No. 2232. New South Wales, Australia. 21 April 1982. p. 8. Retrieved 20 September 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Rise and Fall of an Industrial Cathedral". Thomas Ryan Photography. 12 August 2020. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Mining equipment maker Caterpillar slashes 200 Burnie jobs". ABC News. 4 November 2013. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Caterpillar to cut 280 jobs from Burnie plant as the company moves partly offshore". ABC News. 10 April 2015. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Tasmania's Population 1996 – 2006: What's Changed?". Demographic Change Advisory Council. 2008. p. 10. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ Blucher, Alex (20 May 2015). "Dairy processor Lion launches southern hemisphere's largest specialty cheese factory at Burnie, Tasmania". ABC News. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ Roberts, Peter (29 September 2019). "Elphinstone and Caterpillar". Australian Manufacturing Forum. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ Mining, Australian (19 May 2021). "Elphinstone drives underground vehicle expertise deeper". Australian Mining. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ Burnie Port Authority (1986), Port of Burnie, Tasmania : port information, Burnie Port Authority, ISBN 978-0-7246-1452-3
- ^ "Qube | Burnie Port Facility". Archived from the original on 10 April 2013. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
- ^ "Burnie Paper Mill Nearing Completion". The Advocate. Burnie, Tas.: National Library of Australia. 4 December 1937. p. 7. Retrieved 7 April 2013.
- ^ "Burnie paper mill to shut", Australasian Business Intelligence, COMTEX News Network, Inc, 13 April 2010, ISSN 1320-6680
- ^ a b "Burnie's Population Higher by 3,500". The Mercury. Vol. CLXVI, , no. 23, 937. Tasmania, Australia. 29 August 1947. p. 8. Retrieved 20 September 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
{{cite news}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) - ^ "Population of Burnie was 9,150 in 1942". The Advocate (Australia). Tasmania, Australia. 18 August 1944. p. 5 (Daily). Retrieved 20 September 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Slight Increase in Population". King Island News. Tasmania, Australia. 10 January 1973. p. 3. Retrieved 20 September 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Population still increasing". King Island News. Tasmania, Australia. 5 December 1973. p. 2. Retrieved 20 September 2024 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ "Burnie: 2001 Census All persons QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ^ "Burnie: 2006 Census All persons QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ^ "Burnie: 2011 Census All persons QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ^ "Burnie: 2016 Census All persons QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ^ a b c d e "Burnie: 2021 Census All persons QuickStats". Australian Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 24 January 2024.
- ^ "TasPOPP 2024 Final Report" (PDF). Tasmanian Government. Department of Treasury and Finance. p. 17. Retrieved 20 September 2024.
- ^ "Burnie Port Information". Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 12 November 2020.
- ^ Sean Ford (23 December 2013). "Single port body failed: Chamber". The Advocate. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013.
- ^ "Burnie port upgrade". The West Australian. 15 February 2013. Archived from the original on 12 April 2013. Retrieved 16 March 2013.
- ^ Metro Tasmania website Archived 1 May 2021 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Council welcomes Burnie to Wynyard coastal pathway funding". www.rdatasmania.org.au. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
- ^ "Burnie (Round Hill) Climate (1944-2018)". FarmOnline Weather. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- ^ "Elliott Research Station Climate Statistics (1914-2010)". Bureau of Meteorology. Retrieved 24 August 2024.
- ^ "'I've found where I belong': Zima Anderson's life on Ramsay Street". 17 October 2019. Archived from the original on 20 December 2021. Retrieved 20 December 2021.
- ^ Ford, Sean (30 May 2019). "Elphinstone tops Tassie wealth list, two more make national cut". The Advocate. Archived from the original on 30 September 2021. Retrieved 30 September 2021.
Sources
[edit]- Burnie, Tasmania : deep water port, rich agricultural district, tourist resort, industrial centre. Burnie Chamber of Commerce. 1949.
- Puustinen, J. (2011), Burnie City Heritage Project, Burnie City Council, 8072236 – via National Library of Australia
- Mercer, Peter G. (1965), "55 p. : ill., maps ; 25 cm.", Burnie : its history and development, Burnie, nla.obj-3400036864
{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
External links
[edit]
- Burnie City Council
- Watch historical footage of Burnie, Hobart, Launceston and the rest of Tasmania Archived 2 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine from the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's collection.
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